Apply for PhD in Germany?

Doctoral student file management of absence or PhD thesis score differences are a great tradition of German universities professor system, also referred to as the German classic university lectures, a professor at the university.

 

Taught "recently, the German federal ministry for deprived of PhD's resignation, caused international concern. International students in Germany of PhD graduates accounted for about 15%. The event for international students interested in applying for a doctorate in Germany what is enlightenment?"

 

Taught German federal department on February 14, was at the helm of the ministry for the last 7 years of Xia Fan (Annette Schavan, and sha wan) on February 5, by the university of Dusseldorf, stripped of doctorate awarded in 1980. Although she has been on February 20 to the local administrative court, this event which enter the judicial process, however, taught in order to maintain the federal minister for jobs of sanctity, she resolutely resigned on February 9, with the identity of the natural person investment legal fight. The incident of deja vu. 2011, doctoral thesis on a qualitative of plagiarism and is deprived of a Ph.D., the German federal defense minister karl-theodor zu guttenberg, baron and then European parliament's deputy speaker of the liberal Democrats in Europe and Germany parliamentary group President Koch - merlin successively dim and retire. This time, involving not only is a high-ranking politicians in Germany, and control over the academic power, people can not help but torture deep academic tradition of Germany and the rigorous academic style. Times have changed, the much transformed?

 

A doctorate in Germany's reputation is so suffering defeat, it is difficult to assert. Foreign students of universities in Germany all kinds of degree gainer ratio is about 10%, in the PhD graduates accounted for about 15%. In a population of 86 million in Germany, bo will lift is a self-evident truth. In Germany in 2011 to obtain a PhD is as high as 26981, the year of 25629. Since 2000, the Numbers remain high in 25000, basically and in half a century ago, the federal republic of Germany obtained Ph.D. Only about 6000 a year. Today, 1/5, chairman of the federal lawmakers and half of the enterprises have a doctorate.

 

For Ph.D. So, just because doctorates awarded in Germany is like a rebirth, since that day, formal appellation must be named a doctorate, even including id, all personal documents will be change, "Dr" as part of a personal name. Karl-theodor zu guttenberg, afterward, the green party proposal, at the end of 2011 to the federal parliament to ban the "Dr" into the personal certificate. In 2007, the federal interior ministry as id reform have similar reasons. But attempts to no avail, because "deutsche was based on the education of the people", this is a "title awarded to civilians".

 

"26981" is, in fact, in 2011 successfully obtained the number of PhD, as to how many PhD students folding halberd battlefield, nobody knows. Taught at the end of last year, which belong to the federal department of the university information center (ihs) released the results of a survey, forty percent of doctoral students considered doctoral study. According to the study of 2850 PhD students, of which nearly half doubt their ability to attack bo as the interrupt academic motivation, 1/3 due to poor teacher guidance. Economic factors in the 7th, but Po more than 3 years to consider abandoning doctoral students are mostly for scholarship funding period ended. Of course, family is an important consideration. Children education and bring up for 61% of the women doctoral dropout prerequisites, this doctoral student accounts for only 37% of the men. The survey covers the German university four types of PhD students: included in the official doctoral program or the graduate school of the school; As colleges and universities scientific research personnel; As members of the mentor research projects; "Stragglers. The refraction at the same time four types of doctoral training mode: mentor more interdisciplinary type, subject (type, hiring and mentoring to teach. According to the report, there is no PhD graduates, the optimal model.

 

Wide into severe out is a kind of quality control measures, the problem is that the number of doctoral students for universities in Germany is a black box, the school know next to nothing about it, is registered or not? Who is teacher? Selected topic? How progress? In the kingdom of the good accurate statistics, the existence of this phenomenon is quite odd. In scientific research institute of information and quality assurance at a conference last November, the experts concluded that PhD students in German universities are no independent status, if not to apply for a degree, they will never emerge. This is a historical phenomenon. At present, there have been many universities launch a response. Such as introduction of jena university 3 years ago, called "doc - in" digital doctoral student records management system.

 

Doctoral student file management of absence or PhD thesis score differences are a great tradition of German universities professor system, also referred to as the German classic university lectures, a professor at the university. Professor lecture system system based on the "academic freedom" for the basic law itself, legally to resist all kinds of intervention or intervention, including administrative and judicial, each professor in fact create each "professional small kingdoms". Lecture professor system on the one hand, a hotbed of lazy, not creative or no desire to work in Germany, a professor of university is not individual phenomenon, and gradually into a disease, in 2007, two professors published the "evil" professor: college lazy "behind the scenes, the revelation of the above phenomenon to ruthless. To safeguard vested interests between, on the other hand, the professor of "mutual tolerance law such as" blind spirit of solidarity, although to avoid any detrimental to a professor's reform measures, but also obstruct between professor and cooperation between the disciplines. Sociologists Lu Man (Niklas Luhmann) point of view, any attempts to administrative means to modify the measures of the "academic" individualism are futile.

 

Because of the lecture professor system, Xia Fan problems existing in doctoral dissertation of (mainly refer to specification) has not been found and corrected in time; Because of academic freedom, at the university of Dusseldorf, it could afford to disregard, any question about Xia Fan doctoral dissertation in the appraisal and decision are implemented in the school, deprived of PhD rights also will never fail. Karl-theodor zu guttenberg, after the incident, the German national academic committee introduced in November 2011 titled "were bo quality security requirements" files, including doctoral student guidance, criteria and academic influence. There was such a words: "if the academic (refers to colleges and universities - the author note) for their quality and evaluation criterion have enough confidence, so it can provide necessary freedom against powerful external testing and standards, to defend their own quality and evaluation rule." The jurist, Xia Fan administrative litigation fail this time.

 

Karl-theodor zu guttenberg case, Xia Fan in once said: "no matter how to I know, each person for many years committed to the Ph.D. Thesis will lost it." Germany's academic system must not allow the slightest lost, lost for a variety of pursuit, no matter how an object, no matter how long the past.

13 universities to participate in the education exhibition series interviews: the Netherlands

 

 

Preface: the 16th international education exhibition on March 12-13, two days will start in Beijing. Netizens can dream to study abroad don't miss this great opportunity, not only can you come into contact with the embassy officials in education, also can communicate with many overseas colleges admissions officer directly. Netease media support education as a whole will open the embassy interview series, policy interpretation for you to study abroad in countries, explore the latest changes. This reading for you study in the Netherlands and pavilion highlights the latest policy.

 

The Dutch international education popularization of higher education exchange association officials Zhou Tingting at netease education

 

Interviews with key:

 

Part one > > exhibition overview: 13 colleges participating in Holland

 

This year a total of 13 universities to exhibition, of which 6 is a research university, applied university, research university, for example at tilburg university, the university of twente, and university of Rotterdam.

 

The second part > > scholarships: OTS totalled 3 million yuan this year

 

This year the orange tulip scholarship application is March 15, is expected to line application system meeting, now we have 9 universities took part in the scholarship program, raised 3 million scholarship amount, can provide more than 30 Chinese students, also welcome the classmates to actively apply for.

 

Third part > > shopping show preparation: sure colleges and universities targeted for problem

 

I suggest students before going to fair, know exactly what countries and schools, and then prepare to consult a problem, want to communicate directly with universities face to face to show, if you look at the blind at the fair, it is difficult to collect information. Must be prepared to target.

 

Fourth part > > Dutch charm: everybody longed for tulip wei jun heart international source

 

The Netherlands opened the extensive English teaching course, there are more than 1500 kinds of higher education quality is very high. Dutch society is an international social environment, the cost of living is lower than other European countries, students may also work reasonable legal arrangement their work time.

Study abroad in France, the French education system and characteristics is introduced

 

 

Core tip: France's higher education has a long history, the existing more than 80 universities and more than 300 professional universities and research centers. A diploma of internationally recognized, and low tuition fees.

 

France's higher education system is divided into public schools and private schools. France's public universities are free, only need to pay registration fee (about? 200. France's higher education has a long history, the existing more than 80 universities and more than 300 professional universities and research centers. Highly developed education system enabled French higher education quality to guarantee, a diploma of internationally recognized, and low tuition fees. The French university in 2004 and began to practice in line with international standards of LMD education system, divided into three stages: stage 1 (Licence), three years after graduating from university foundation diploma, equivalent to a bachelor's degree in China; the second phase (Masteur) for two years, and obtained a master's degree after graduation. The third stage (Docteur) for three years, can get Ph.D degree after graduation.

All students applying to the first stage, by the French embassy in the French test. French university to accept Chinese high school graduates to achieve domestic university admissions status where the study for a bachelor degree; Chinese university students can go to France to entering class at the university of learning; China's college and university graduates can go to France to study for a master's degree.

 

French diversified higher education system, the different types of schools have different teaching goal, the curriculum and admission requirements are different. Many public and private schools, public schools funded by the state, by contrast, near free tuition cheap. According to the teaching institutions, the existing three types of teaching institutions:

 

: (1) comprehensive university in France 87 comprehensive universities around the country, division basis and application of teaching through a variety of disciplines, short - and long-term educational system.

 

Admission requirements: recruit hold French baccalaureat certificates or equivalent students submit application materials to the school, the school according to merit candidate materials. (note: because of China's high school graduation certificate cannot be equated to the French high school certificate of education examination, thus Chinese by students from China university admission notice, will be China's university students or graduates.) Comprehensive university education under the meaning of three stages, each stage of the diploma is a national diploma, basic knowledge of the first phase implementation of university education; Second and third phase of the study tend to specialization.

 (2) the key college: key colleges for the government, industry, service engineers, senior management and administrative personnel. One of the large number of belonging to government departments, responsible for training engineers, teachers and administrators. Some of the college, such as: China national school of administration, higher normal college) is a big teaching French. In addition, there are private schools (such as: business school and institute of engineers), approved by state can be obtained after checking. Higher school belong to long term system for a period of five years.

 

Admission requirements: entrance requirements strictly, the school through the candidate's merit, French hkcee result and the application materials by the selection of the students need to study in preparatory class for 2 years after 1 to 2 years (or through a comprehensive university of learning), to participate in the national unified examination, matriculate to continue learning 3 years, entered the stage of comprehensive university, the first study also-ran.

 

(3) other colleges and universities, the colleges and universities conducted in art, architecture and other creative fields of higher professional education. Belong to the system for a long time.

 

Admission requirements: most schools organize entrance examination, merit based on test scores. In addition to the long length of schooling, French short-term educational system of vocational education also plays an important role.

Study in Germany: to understand the various kinds of insurance coverage of automatic enjoy

 So for students working income is calculated how?

 

In Germany who engaged in paid work must be at least 15 years old and must have been a parents agreed to go to work to make money. But the law also to 13 to 15 years old this age paragraph the student works have special rules that would allow this age children can only in the simple work, for example: to help shopping, send newspaper, care can walk child, etc., and their working hours a day can't more than two hours. At the same time law also to 15 to 18 years old this age paragraph the person job to have specific provision, in this age paragraph person working time one day should not exceed 8 hours, no more than 40 hours a week, working time can only arranged in 6 to 20 o 'clock. All the people who work to be automatic enjoy insurance, the insurance is to point to work and what happened on the way to the accident insurance.

 

 

Normally 13 to 15 years old this age paragraph the students' income is in 3 to 5 per hour between euro; 15 to 18 years old students' income is in between 4 to 6 euros. In Germany as long as monthly income of less than 400 euros is need not pay any expenses, such as income tax, all kinds of insurance, and so on.

 

 

 

For these children who provide work?

 

 

 

I think, in any society is so, there is looking for a job will have to offer job. So the German employers is how to treat primary and middle school students work this problem? Most employers provide the students vacation job opportunity not because they are short of hands, have to rely on middle and primary school was born to fill the vacant seat work, also is not a charity state of mind, but a kind of social responsibility and participation. Because, students can work through to the society have a more profound understanding, can learn and communicate with people and enhance the ability to get along, in real life, truly, cultivate your own independent ability, the most important is to cultivate their sense of achievement virtually, because they are with their own labor create wealth, thus can realize his own desire. German children should not because life is more forced, but to go to realize their a wish, this dream can really be multifarious, for example, want to buy a cool cell phone, a trendy cloak, a short tour, a box of love to eat ice cream, a kind of new product of chocolate and so on.

 

 

 

In Germany after short-term work or study, and I talk about their feelings in Germany when often refer to this point, namely the German children why so mature? In fact, many 15 years old German children speak as an adult things, and are very confident and has the sense of responsibility. I believe that other life in Germany of the Chinese people will also have the same feeling, also will ask: the somebody else is how education child? In fact, answers such questions not difficult also, because in a family, the parents are their children's example; In a society, children will naturally by the sense of social responsibility and humanistic environment influence.

The school MBA is worth reading

 

The United States department JinJiLie YangCuiCui consultant, says the United States is not school MBA exactly have value, the problem must be from an objective point of view. First of all, since when it comes to value, we must have a strict standard, and the standard inevitable can only is the market value. A MBA success or not, is not he attended school or what is in his career in a one stage to attend, but in the students after graduation didn't find his next ideal career development direction. Every year, harvard MBA graduates in about 10% of the people are could not find work, these people also started enterprise, make its own boss. But, from the MBA training point of view, most of the MBA course is to cultivate professional managers, as for entrepreneurs to account for only a few. So, we measure the United States not school MBA exactly have value, the most direct is to ask the school MBA graduates how employment. In the United States employment markets continue to slump, professional manager market demand has also reduced, the fierce competition in the workplace is fierce.

 

In this year's study abroad to situation, although the United States is still not fully out of the shadow of the financial crisis, but MBA professional heat still hasn't weaken. But the reality is not all people can apply to American universities MBA, then, the United Statesnot school MBA exactly have no value to read?

 

 

 

 

Secondly, for our Chinese students old said, no matter you learn what major, what degree, the key is to plan your career development direction. MBA read what direction, after the first year summer vacation to do, to what kind of company, the second year what course selection, and after graduation, ready to spend several years in the United States, these will be two years before good planning. Otherwise, the USSR yunnan.at the read a school MBA, only to find themselves when they graduate doing nothing, at that time at sea and look around will be fatal.

 

 

 

 

 

To proceed from reality in everything, abandon the unrealistic utopian, this is YangCuiCui advisers often told some learning financial, accounting, logistics and marketing business students words, this also applies to an increasingly large MBA application force. School is really to aspire to, but not every one of you can have the ability of the MBA school. These school MBA training direction and the management idea, is not suitable for all the students. Dare to despise harvard, also want to dare to face to face with yourself. Some students think that said rather some sour grapes. But YangCuiCui consultant point of view is that any value orientation and measure are only one, is the market standard. Those who find good job, vision thriving successively high MBA graduates, are always have such characteristics: plan ahead good job, don't shake at a discount, and carefully examined the school curriculum, consider yourself in the future two to three years of go and do the focus of the business.

 

 

 

 

 

Therefore, the school MBA is worth reading? Conclusion is very simple is of course, if it can help you find an ideal job in words.

Expert clew periodontitis is destroyed sexual ability

 

 

On May 21,, in Atlanta international urology meeting, a Taiwan scholars concern the latest research. Research suggests that there is serious odontopathy periodontitis of men, suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) is more dangerous, sexual life easier to problems.

Taipei medical university health care management college professor LinHengQing led the research. They chose 33000 patients with ED of men and 16200 normal male sexual function, and these people for five years tracking. The results showed that compared with sexual health person, ED group man more common in dental problems, more than 12% of the people suffer from periodontitis. The other health factors taken into consideration, the researchers found, periodontal disease and there is a big relationship between ED. In the 30 years old the following of young men and women over the age of 70 older men, the more relevance.

The American urological association public media committee members TuoBiYaSi · kohler, says dr, ED and periodontal disease look like a horse and, but they really closely related. "Patients with periodontal disease produced by the inflammation, may through the capillary into blood circulation system, then influence the blood supply to the penis blood vessel function, and ultimately lead to erectile dysfunction. The New York Winslow general university hospital urology director Alan kac, "said dr.

Beijing university of Chinese medicine dongzhimen hospital by physician wang bing further explanation, vascular appear problem, the first signal may be appear sexual dysfunction. Because corpus cavernosum artery average diameter is 1 -- 2 mm, cerebral blood artery average diameter is 2 -- 3 mm, carotid average diameter is 5-6 mm, if angiogenesis jam or appear inflammation, will start from small blood vessels. In addition, periodontal bad men most will be affected by bad breath trouble, women may will refuse and men kissing or had close relationship, this also will give men poses a great psychological pressure, resulting in the occurrence of ED.

Therefore, men want to keep lasting sexual ability, must pay attention to dental health, especially to prevent periodontal disease, sooner or later, adhere to brush my teeth, and eat less cold acid food, regular oral health inspection.

The car air quality effective control to prevent owners six big secret

 

 

New car's air quality has been the focus of many owners, how to eliminate in a short time new car smell and keep the car long time health of air environment, the owners were must pay attention to the daily vehicle ventilation and maintenance, there are six Suggestions for reference:

 

1. When a new car driving in the first six months, the owner should use less as far as possible air conditioning, often open the window in order to strengthen the car ventilated take a breath.

 

2. If you want to interior decoration, adorn article shall strictly choice, prevent the harmful substance containing the glue, seat cover pad decoration on the car, Such as buying a new car seat cover, such as textiles, should first rinse again after use.

 

3. Careful with perfume, at present a lot of perfume is chemical manmade, itself has certain pollution, in the choice when buying, should be more careful, pay attention to choose the natural made of materials. Careful with the car air purifier and other cleaning agent, must pay attention to choose the better effects and side effects of small.

 

4. If the owner to drive a new car have found signs reaction, such as feeling smoked eyes, respiratory stimulated, and even dizziness, the proposal for the car air quality detection, in order to find and remove the car pollution sources as soon as possible.

 

5. A physique weak, women, children, and have allergic constitution, to avoid long time driving and take a new car.

 

6. New car original packing must be pulled down, new car will usually have some plastic packaging, the owner in the beginning as early as possible after the car should remove these extra packing, lest originally can solve pollution stuffy in the car "fermentation", which causes the air pollution.

 

 

In the process of driving vehicle suddenly failure emergency repair measures  安全

 

When we drive to do a very important thing when suddenly broke down halfway vehicles, this can be how to do? At this time first must be calm, but some problems and not so serious, we can use some emergency way to deal with, and then teach you some driving failure in temporarily no spare parts supply and need urgent need of emergency repair methods!

 

1. Inlet and outlet hose burst

 

Fracture is not big, can use coated with a layer of soap cloth will locate leaks bind up good; Such as fracture is bigger, can be hose break cut off, in the middle of a ZhuGuan or iron pipe and wire bundle of tight.

 

2. Fan belt fracture

 

The broken belt use wire bundle good or the way to drive off the car.

 

3. Screw hole slide fastener

 

Screw hole slide fastener can lead to leakage or connecting rod loose, making them unable to work. This is the screw with a hammer beat flat, make its both sides expansion increase to tighten is good, but do not disassemble for many times, wait for the next time when maintenance repair.

 

4. Tank damage

 

Motor vehicle in use, it was found that the tank oil leakage, leakage place clean, with soap or bubble gum coated in the oil leakage place, temporarily blocked; With epoxy resin adhesive repair, the effect is better.

 

5. Tubing fracture

 

Tubing fracture can will break wipe up, coated with soap, with a cloth or tape winding in the tubing break, and wire bundle of tight, and then coated with a layer of soap.

 

6. Tubing broken

 

Tubing broken when can find root and tubing diameter corresponds to the rubber or plastic pipe socket. Such as a socket is not quite close together, again at both ends with wire bundle of tight to prevent leakage.

 

7. Cylinder head appeared pinhole porosity and oil leakage, leakage

 

According to air bubble size, choose the corresponding specification electrician with fuse, hammer gently throw it into the air bubble inside, can eliminate oil leakage, leakage.

 

8. Tubing joint leakage motor vehicle use, such as engine oil pipe joint oil leakage, it is more tubing flared and tubing nut not caused by seal. Usable cotton yarn winding in the lower edge horn, then tubing nut and tubing joint screw down; Still can chew chewing gum or maltose into paste, besmear in the tubing nut a mouth, wait for dry sealing function of the coagulation of the younger generation.

 

9. Diaphragm or feed pump diaphragm rupture or broken

 

Can disassemble pump remove diaphragm, with rubber board, electrical insulation bakelite or plastic cloth according to the original shape, size saw file forming, and polishing mount.

 

10. Valve spring break

 

Valve spring break, can take off spring, the broken two paragraphs in turn mount, and then it can be used. Also can find a piece of 1 mm thick sheet, cut into large diameter than spring 1 mm of wafer, internal shear a round hole, the diameter less than spring diameter 4 mm, outside edge every 6 mm cut into 4 mm long gap, after cut every a piece of folded piece, forming double spring seat tank, again will spring head back into iron groove can use